Requirements for the selection of special fluids for CNC machining centers

The choice of special fluid for CNC machining centers is mainly to choose its anti-rust performance. The general lubricity and cleaning performance can basically meet the requirements, but the machines and equipment of CNC machining centers are generally very expensive, so you should choose anti-rust performance and anti-corrosion performance. A better special fluid, while meeting the requirements of the processing parts, it is also necessary to protect the parts of various materials in the machine equipment and the paint surface of the equipment.

When selecting a special fluid, the following steps are generally required

1.Select the type of special fluid: choose oil-based cutting fluid or water-based cutting fluid. The considerations are mainly workpiece material, processing quality requirements (processing accuracy and surface integrity), tool material, machine tool condition, processing method, cutting amount, etc.

2.Select the type of special fluid: It is necessary to comprehensively consider the processing performance, physical and chemical properties, and sanitation performance of the special fluid to decide which type of product to choose. This process is mainly based on the decision maker’s understanding of the processing environment and the basic knowledge of the special fluid. Of course, commercial factors such as the reputation, supply capacity, and technical services of the special fluid manufacturer also need to be considered.

3.Conduct environmental sanitation performance and physical and chemical performance testing on the pre-selected special liquid products.

4.Carry out actual cutting experiments on special fluids with qualified sanitation performance and physical and chemical properties, and evaluate their processing efficiency.

5.Trial out the varieties that have passed the above inspections and tests, and make an economic evaluation on the basis of the trial. Generally speaking, it takes a long period of time (at least one special liquid cycle) trial to draw a conclusion.

Requirements for special fluids for CNC machining centers for different tool materials

1.High speed steel tool

This material is an advanced alloy steel based on chromium, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium (some also contain aluminum). Their heat resistance is significantly higher than that of tool steel, and the maximum temperature allowed can reach 600 °C. Compared with other high-temperature-resistant metal and ceramic materials, high-speed steel has a series of advantages, especially its high toughness, suitable for geometrically complex workpieces and continuous cutting, and high-speed steel has good machinability and Features that are easy to accept in terms of price.

Due to the poor red hardness of high-speed steel tools, cutting fluid is required in use. When cutting at low and medium speeds, it is recommended to use oil-based cutting fluid or emulsion. In high-speed cutting, due to the high heat generation, it is advisable to use water-based cutting fluid. If oil-based cutting fluid is used, more oil mist will be generated, which will pollute the environment, and it will easily cause workpiece burns, decrease processing quality, and increase tool wear.

2.Carbide cutting tools

Due to the good red hardness of cemented carbide tools, when selecting cutting fluid, the sensitivity of cemented carbide to sudden heat should be considered, and the tool should be heated evenly as much as possible, otherwise it will cause chipping. Generally, the thermal conductivity of oil-based cutting fluid is poor, and the risk of quenching the tool is smaller than that of water-based cutting fluid, so it is generally better to choose oil-based cutting fluid containing anti-wear additives.

When using cutting fluid for cutting, pay attention to cooling the tool evenly, it is best to pre-cool the tool before starting cutting. For high-speed cutting, it is necessary to spray the cutting area with a large flow of cutting fluid to avoid chipping caused by uneven heating of the tool, and to reduce oil fume pollution caused by evaporation due to excessive temperature.

3.Ceramic Knives

This material is made of alumina, metal and carbide sintered at high temperature. Its high temperature wear resistance is better than that of cemented carbide, so dry cutting is generally used. Considering uniform cooling and avoiding excessive temperature, water-based cutting fluid is often used, but it is best to pour continuously and fully without interruption.

4.Diamond tool

With extremely high hardness, dry cutting is generally used. In order to avoid excessive temperature, like ceramic materials, water-based cutting fluid is used in many cases.